Micronations are self-proclaimed sovereign states brimming with beautiful sights and complex cultures. Their small scale makes them among the most unique places on earth.
However, these smaller nations can be tricky to traverse since they’re not as well-known as their larger counterparts. That’s why we’ve put together this simple guide to help you reach the world’s smallest countries by plane, train, bus, or rental car. You’ll also learn about a few prime spots to start your adventure.
Guam
Guam, the largest and southernmost island in Micronesia, is steeped in Pacific island culture, World War II history, and American influence. As a U.S. territory, entry requirements for American citizens are straightforward—just bring a valid ID. The best time to visit is during the dry season from December to June, when the weather is ideal for beach outings and sightseeing.
Tumon Bay is a popular area for its resorts, white sand beaches, and vibrant shopping and dining scene. History buffs should explore the War in the Pacific National Historical Park, which preserves significant WWII sites. For a cultural experience, head to Chamorro Village in Hagåtña to enjoy local food and crafts. Nature lovers won’t want to miss Two Lovers Point for its dramatic cliffside views or a snorkeling trip at Fish Eye Marine Park to see Guam’s colorful underwater life.
Travelers can reach Guam primarily by air, with direct international flights available from major cities in Asia and the Pacific, as well as domestic flights from the U.S. mainland via connecting hubs like Honolulu or Tokyo.
San Marino
Did you know San Marino is the world’s oldest living republic? Not only was it founded roughly 17 centuries ago, President Abraham Lincoln was made an honorary citizen in 1861.
San Marino is well worth the effort for its one-of-a-kind landmarks. You can glimpse its ancient history at the Three Towers or visit the neoclassical temple of Basilica of Saint Marinus.
San Marino has no airport, so you’ll have to divide your options by train or bus. Many travelers will arrive at Rimini, then take a local bus into San Marino. If you feel like visiting Venice before heading out to San Marino, you’ll have the options of a high-speed train or a rental car (such as Uber).
Vatican City
With around 500 residents, Vatican City is the smallest sovereign state in the world. It’s nestled in the heart of Rome and home to the famous Roman Catholic Church and Sistine Chapel. Arrive early in the morning to avoid long lines and crowds, especially at popular sites like St. Peter’s Basilica and the Vatican Museums. Dress modestly, as strict dress codes are enforced for entry into religious sites.
Vatican City is easy to reach by metro, train, or public bus. Some of the most convenient travel options are the Rome Metro, Rome city buses, or the St Pietro train station from St Peter.
Andorra
Andorra’s unique mountain formations and steep valleys make it one of the most spectacular micronations. Many travelers love visiting during the winter to enjoy incredible skiing at spots like Grandvalira, though summer is a great time for hiking.
Its convenient location between Spain and France makes it one of the best European countries to travel to. Many travelers will swing by Barcelona or Toulouse, grab a rental car, and take the scenic route to Andorra. If you prefer not to drive, try the Directbus line from Barcelona Airport or the Toulouse – Matabiau railway station in Toulouse.
Monaco
This charming city-state is the second smallest sovereign state and located on the French Riviera, widely considered the most glamorous micronations in the world. Booking a hotel here, such as the Fairmont Monte Carlo, will undoubtedly be a luxurious stay. Explore the opulent Monte Carlo Casino and take a stroll through the nearby gardens for stunning views of the Mediterranean. Don’t miss the Prince’s Palace and the daily changing of the guard for a glimpse into Monaco’s royal heritage.
Since this location has no airport and operates in French territory, a convenient spot to start with is Nice in France. Many travelers arrive at the Nice Côte d´Azur airport, then visit Monaco by the TGV train or with a rental car.
Nauru
This scenic island nation, composed primarily of mineral-rich phosphate rock, offers striking natural features like Moqua Caves and Buada Lagoon, formed within an ancient volcanic crater.
For one of the world’s most remarkable coastal experiences, venture along the Anibare Bay Trail. Best enjoyed during the dry season from May to October, this 3-kilometer trail winds along the coast, offering sweeping views of the Pacific Ocean, vibrant coral reefs, and the island’s distinctive volcanic terrain. Wildlife enthusiasts may also catch sight of humpback whales and playful dolphins, especially along the island’s western and southern shores.
Access to Nauru is available exclusively via Nauru Airlines, which operates direct flights from the United States, Australia, and Fiji.
Liechtenstein
Liechtenstein is the smallest nation bordering two countries. Many visitors love this destination for its stately medieval castles, like Burg Gutenberg and Liechtenstein Castle.
Start your visit in the capital, Vaduz, where you can explore the impressive Vaduz Castle—home to the royal family—and visit the Liechtenstein National Museum for insight into the country’s history. Outdoor enthusiasts will love hiking the scenic trails of the Rätikon Alps or biking along the Rhine River. The Park Hotel Sonnenhof is one of the top hotels in the country.
This landlocked country has no airport, but there are many convenient ways of traveling by rail or rental car. If you land in Zurich in Switzerland, you can catch a train to Sargans, then travel the rest by bus. Those arriving in Austria can travel by high-speed rail or rent a car.
Tuvalu
Tuvalu is one of the most breathtaking micronations because of its stunning islands, atolls, and clear waters. Visiting requires a trip by plane, so consider booking a trip with Air Kiribati or Fiji Airways.
The island is a prime spot for diving and snorkeling thanks to its crisp, clear waters and abundant wildlife. One of the best ways to experience the country’s wildlife is a leisurely boat ride through the Funafuti Marine Conservation Area.
Luxembourg
Like many European countries, Luxembourg feels like stepping back in time. This nation’s wine region is one of the world’s best for sparkling wine, producing the award-winning Crémant de Luxembourg.
Luxembourg is one of the wealthiest nations in the world with a GDP of $85 billion. The whole country is a Unesco World Heritage Site, so walking tours are among the best ways to experience the country. Its elaborate architecture and compelling history demands appreciation.
You can arrive in the country’s lone airport, Luxembourg Airport, or visit a nearby country first. German, France, and Belgium all have major cities you can land in, then visit Luxembourg by high-speed train.
Palau
One of the top things to do is snorkeling or diving in the UNESCO-listed Rock Islands Southern Lagoon, home to vibrant coral reefs, sea turtles, and countless species of fish. Don’t miss Jellyfish Lake, where visitors can swim among thousands of harmless golden jellyfish—an experience unique to Palau. Kayaking through hidden lagoons and limestone caves offers a peaceful way to explore the islands’ natural beauty.
On land, you can hike through the Ngardmau Waterfall trail or visit the Belau National Museum in Koror to learn about Palau’s history and traditions. For a deeper connection with local culture, consider attending a traditional bai (meeting house) or tasting local dishes like taro and reef fish.
Roman Tmetuchl International is Palau’s only international airport, so review your airlines for compatible flights. Major American cities like Los Angeles, New York, and San Francisco have regular flights to Palau.
